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Despite a century of debate and criticism, Marxism as a mass ideological practice has remained an elusive topic. This book examines Marxist socialism as a mode of understanding and self-understanding treasured and transmitted by thousands of anonymous militants. It focuses upon the Parti Ouvrier Français, the 'Guesdists', an archetypal movement of Marxism's 'Golden Age' before the First World War, the period when Marxist socialism evolved from sect to mass movement. Thousands of French socialists adopted Marxism due to the effectiveness of vulgar Guesdist polemic rather than Marx's profound theoretical works, and entire communities were converted to an austere but messianic socialism which still affects French politics today. This book traces the doctrine's birth through conflict with liberals, proto-fascists, and anarchists; its 'making' of a working class, and its attempted seduction of the middle class; and its confusion before the alternative social visions of the Catholic devout, racist nationalists, and feminists.

Social classes --- Socialism --- Class distinction --- Classes, Social --- Rank --- Caste --- Estates (Social orders) --- Social status --- Class consciousness --- Classism --- Social stratification --- History --- France --- Arts and Humanities --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory

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Agriculture --- Agriculture and state --- Rural development --- Soviet Union --- Soviet Union

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Economic order --- Comparative economics --- 330.34 --- Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling --- 330.34 Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling --- Comparative economic systems --- Economics, Comparative --- Economic policy --- Economics

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Economic order --- History of Eastern Europe --- anno 1900-1999 --- Russian Federation --- Russia

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Commercial policy. --- International economic relations. --- International finance. --- Soviet Union --- Former Soviet republics --- URSS --- Ex-URSS --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique